function cmd = ft_realtime_asynchronous(cfg)

% FT_REALTIME_ASYNCHRONOUS is an example realtime application for

% asynchronous brain-computer interfaces

%

% Use as

%

% cmd = ft_realtime_asynchronous(cfg)

%

% where cmd is the last processed command and cfg has the following configuration options

% cfg.bcifun = the BCI function that is called

% cfg.blocksize = number, size of the blocks/chuncks that are processed in seconds (default = 1)

% cfg.overlap = overlap between blocks in seconds (default = 0)

% cfg.channel = cell-array, see FT_CHANNELSELECTION (default = 'all')

% cfg.bufferdata = whether to start on the 'first or 'last' data that is

% available when the function _starts_ (default = 'last')

% cfg.jumptoeof = whether to start on the 'first or 'last' data that is

% available when the function _starts_ (default = 'last')

%

% The source of the data is configured as

% cfg.dataset = string

% or alternatively to obtain more low-level control as

% cfg.datafile = string

% cfg.headerfile = string

% cfg.eventfile = string

% cfg.dataformat = string, default is determined automatic

% cfg.headerformat = string, default is determined automatic

% cfg.eventformat = string, default is determined automatic

%

% cfg.ostream = the output stream that is used to send a command via

% write_event (default = []

%

% The bcifun must be of the form

%

% cmd = bcifun(cfg,data)

%

% where cfg is the configuration passed by this function and data is the

% new data segment. Cmd is the command which is generated by the bcifun.

% This command will be send to an external device via cfg.ostream. Check

% bcifun_latidx for an example.

%

% Some notes about skipping data and catching up with the data stream:

%

% cfg.jumptoeof='yes' causes the realtime function to jump to the end

% when the function _starts_. It causes all data acquired prior to

% starting the RT function to be skipped.

%

% cfg.bufferdata=last causes the realtime function to jump to the last

% available data while _running_. If the RT loop is not fast enough,

% it causes some data to be dropped.

%

% If you want to skip all data that was acquired before you start the

% RT function, but don't want to miss any data that was acquired while

% the realtime function is started, then you should use jumptoeof=yes and

% bufferdata=first. If you want to analyze data from a file, then you

% should use jumptoeof=no and bufferdata=first.

%

% To stop the realtime function, you have to press Ctrl-C

% Copyright (C) 2010, Marcel van Gerven, Robert Oostenveld

%

% This file is part of FieldTrip, see http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org

% for the documentation and details.

%

% FieldTrip is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

% (at your option) any later version.

%

% FieldTrip is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

% GNU General Public License for more details.

%

% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

% along with FieldTrip. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

%

% $Id$

% set the default configuration options

if ~isfield(cfg, 'bcifun'), cfg.bcifun = @bcifun_latidx; end % example function computes lateralization index

if ~isfield(cfg, 'nsamples'), cfg.nsamples = inf; end % number of samples to process

if ~isfield(cfg, 'blocksize'), cfg.blocksize = 1; end % in seconds

if ~isfield(cfg, 'overlap'), cfg.overlap = 0; end % in seconds

if ~isfield(cfg, 'channel'), cfg.channel = 'all'; end % processed channels

if ~isfield(cfg, 'bufferdata'), cfg.bufferdata = 'last'; end % first or last

if ~isfield(cfg, 'jumptoeof'), cfg.jumptoeof = 'yes'; end % jump to end of file at initialization

if ~isfield(cfg, 'dataformat'), cfg.dataformat = []; end % default is detected automatically

if ~isfield(cfg, 'headerformat'), cfg.headerformat = []; end % default is detected automatically

if ~isfield(cfg, 'eventformat'), cfg.eventformat = []; end % default is detected automatically

if ~isfield(cfg, 'dataset') && ~isfield(cfg, 'header') && ~isfield(cfg, 'datafile')

cfg.dataset = 'buffer://localhost:1972';

end

if ~isfield(cfg, 'ostream'), cfg.ostream = []; end % no output by default

% translate dataset into datafile+headerfile

cfg = ft_checkconfig(cfg, 'dataset2files', 'yes');

cfg = ft_checkconfig(cfg, 'required', {'datafile' 'headerfile'});

% ensure that the persistent variables related to caching are cleared

clear ft_read_header

% start by reading the header from the realtime buffer

hdr = ft_read_header(cfg.headerfile, 'headerformat', cfg.headerformat, 'cache', true, 'retry', true);

% define a subset of channels for reading

cfg.channel = ft_channelselection(cfg.channel, hdr.label);

chanindx = match_str(hdr.label, cfg.channel);

nchan = length(chanindx);

if nchan==0, ft_error('no channels were selected'); end

% determine the size of blocks to process

blocksize = round(cfg.blocksize * hdr.Fs);

overlap = round(cfg.overlap*hdr.Fs);

if strcmp(cfg.jumptoeof, 'yes')

prevSample = hdr.nSamples * hdr.nTrials;

else

prevSample = 0;

end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% this is the general BCI loop where realtime incoming data is handled

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

cfg.count = 0; % current segment; can be used in bcifun

while cfg.count < cfg.nsamples

% determine number of samples available in buffer

hdr = ft_read_header(cfg.headerfile, 'headerformat', cfg.headerformat, 'cache', true);

% see whether new samples are available

newsamples = (hdr.nSamples*hdr.nTrials-prevSample);

if newsamples>=blocksize

% determine the samples to process

if strcmp(cfg.bufferdata, 'last')

begsample = hdr.nSamples*hdr.nTrials - blocksize + 1;

endsample = hdr.nSamples*hdr.nTrials;

elseif strcmp(cfg.bufferdata, 'first')

begsample = prevSample+1;

endsample = prevSample+blocksize;

else

ft_error('unsupported value for cfg.bufferdata');

end

% this allows overlapping data segments

if overlap && (begsample>overlap)

begsample = begsample - overlap;

endsample = endsample - overlap;

end

% remember up to where the data was read

prevSample = endsample;

cfg.count = cfg.count + 1;

fprintf('processing segment %d from sample %d to %d\n', cfg.count, begsample, endsample);

% read data segment from buffer

dat = double(ft_read_data(cfg.datafile, 'header', hdr, 'dataformat', cfg.dataformat, 'begsample', begsample,...

'endsample', endsample, 'chanindx', chanindx, 'checkboundary', false));

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% from here onward it is specific to the display of the data

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% put the data in a fieldtrip-like raw structure

data.trial{1} = dat;

data.time{1} = offset2time(0, hdr.Fs, endsample-begsample+1);

data.label = hdr.label(chanindx);

data.hdr = hdr;

data.fsample = hdr.Fs;

data.grad = [];

% apply BCI function

cmd = cfg.bcifun(cfg,data);

if ~isempty(cfg.ostream)

fprintf('writing command %s to %s\n',num2str(cmd),cfg.ostream);

% send command

evt.type = 'uint';

evt.offset = [];

evt.duration = [];

evt.sample = abs(data.time{1}(1)*data.fsample);

evt.timestamp = data.time{1}(1);

evt.value = cmd;

ft_write_event(cfg.ostream,evt);

else

fprintf('generated command %s\n',num2str(cmd));

end

cfg.count = cfg.count + 1;

end % if enough new samples

end % while true